Health/Indoor Air Quality

Because Americans spend most of their time indoors—90 percent according to a 1989 EPA study—indoor air quality has become an increasing health concern. Some attribute increasing severity of asthma symptoms in children to higher levels of indoor particulate matter. As building envelopes become tighter and more efficient, fresh air needs to be introduced in a controlled manner. The International Code Council recognized the need for fresh air in tight buildings and has incorporated related requirements into the code. The EPA Indoor airPlus program offers guidance and certification for homes built with comprehensive indoor air quality measures.

As a building owner or manager of a public housing facility, whether it is a single-family home or multifamily unit, your building may pose special conditions regarding indoor air quality. The building and mechanical systems may be old, giving rise to specific air-quality concerns; dirt and particulate matter may have accumulated over the years; and some locations may have more residents who are likely to smoke. As you plan new construction or renovation projects, give consideration to the ways you might address or avoid indoor air-quality concerns. Examples include—

1. Are the finishes such as paints, carpets, and wall coverings low- or no-VOCs and free from other potentially harmful contaminants such as formaldehyde? Have you checked the radon levels in the soil around your building?
2. Can local exhaust fans in bathrooms and kitchens be upgraded?
3. Can new or existing duct runs be shortened or hard ducted to move air more effectively?
4. Can some type of whole building mechanical ventilation be included?
5. Are windows easily operable to provide natural ventilation?

Like some building certification programs that focus on energy, sustainability, and security, some voluntary programs recognize healthy homes. Again, regardless of whether you decide to pursue formal certification, the program guidelines can provide useful educational tools as you plan your project and select technologies.