Chemical Deicers & Concrete Pavement: Impacts & Mitigation Quiz
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Question 1 of 10
1. Question
1. What is Deicer Distress?
Hint
This course focuses on a recently recognized form of deterioration on concrete pavements referred to as chemical deicer distress.
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Question 2 of 10
2. Question
2. Increased use of which two aqueous solutions are recognized for causing deterioration of concrete?
Hint
Commonly used liquids are aqueous solutions of chlorides (e.g., sodium chloride [NaCl], MgCl2, and CaCl2) or other chemicals such as calcium magnesium acetate (CMA), potassium acetate (KAc), and urea.
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Question 3 of 10
3. Question
3. What variety of uses does SHA provide to the public to create safe riding surfaces?
Hint
SHAs use a variety of means to maintain a safe riding surface, including plowing, the application of abrasives (e.g., sand), and the use of chemicals that depress the freezing temperature of water, thus melting snow and ice.
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Question 4 of 10
4. Question
4. What is HCP?
Hint
This course summarizes the use of chemical anti-icers and deicers, reviews how hydraulic cement paste (HCP) is traditionally protected from freeze-thaw damage
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Question 5 of 10
5. Question
5. Where is critical saturation more likely to occur?
Hint
Critical saturation of concrete is more likely to occur at joint locations for a number of reasons.
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Question 6 of 10
6. Question
6. There has been a recent increase in deterioration observed in the vicinity of?
Hint
There has been a recent increase in deterioration observed in the vicinity of concrete joints.
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Question 7 of 10
7. Question
7. What conditions can occur that will result in the deicer solution remaining in the joint?
Hint
The joint is too restrained and does not open sufficiently to drain.
The presence of a failed sealant and blocker rod delaying evaporation.
Clogged crack will not drain. -
Question 8 of 10
8. Question
8. What is the primary mechanism thought to be responsible for chemical
deicer attack on concrete?Hint
Yet the primary mechanism thought to be responsible for chemical deicer attack is a phase change that occurs in the presence of water, in which the calcium hydroxide present in typical HCP reacts with CaCl2 to form calcium oxychloride.
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Question 9 of 10
9. Question
9. What is a recommendation to address chemical deicer distress?
Hint
Recommendations for addressing chemical deicer distress are still under development, but research has focused on the need to (1) reduce the amount of calcium hydroxide present in the HCP, or (2) decrease the access of salt solution into the concrete.
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Question 10 of 10
10. Question
10. In Figure 7, no damage was observed in which specimen?
Hint
No damage is observed in specimens soaked in NaCl or lime water.