Geology and Blasting

A thorough understanding of the geology and rock mass structure at any blasting site is fundamental to well-engineered blast design. Rock type, change in lithology, the presence of voids and the presence of discontinuities, and in rare cases the in-situ stress in the rock can all affect a blast and, when unanticipated, can affect the success of the project. Good characterization of the rock at the site and checks on that understanding by review of blasthole drilling are needed to ensure that the blast design is appropriate for the site. This section covers some of the geologic considerations for blasting, including the effects of rock type, rock mass structure, weathering, and groundwater. It assumes good familiarity with geology including rock types and structural geological conditions that can be expected at a site where a blasting program may be executed.

It concludes with a discussion of the exploration and site characterization needed to support blasting projects.