General

PRINCIPLE II Once established, corners of the Public Lands are fixed in their monumented positions but the government may survey or resurvey its public lands as it chooses.

Lines As Marked and Surveyed

Monuments

Conclusive Evidence Outweighs the Record

Resurvey

Line Trees and Blazed Lines

PRINCIPLE III: The Court will consider the intent of the parties reconstruction of deed descriptions.

General

Closing Corners

Plats

PRINCIPLE IV: The Plat and the field notes are considered together with, and as part of, the grant (patent) itself.

Original Field Notes and Plat

A. An Original Surveyor's Mistake which is Identified will be Considered by the Courts Toward Placing the Entire Blunder where it Occurred.

Place the Blunder W here the Blunder Occurred

B. CORNERS ARE RESTORED BY THE NEAREST AND BEST AVAILABLE EVIDENCE:

Existent Corner

Obliterated Corner

Lost Corner

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Place the Blunder W here the Blunder Occurred

Corner Restoration Fundamentals Place the Blunder W here the Blunder Occurred

All discrepancies in measurement should be carefully verified with the object of placing each difference there it properly belongs. Whenever it is possible to do so, the manifest errors in measurement are removed from the general average difference and placed where the blunder was made. An example of this rule is witnessed by corrections for chaining errors.

When it is obvious or unquestionably proven that the original surveyor made a tally blunder in his chaining, the amount of the blunder is corrected before any remaining discrepancies between the retracement and original survey are adjusted or proportioned.

By placing any blunder where it occurred and weighing corroborative collateral evidence, the surveyor can make a professional decision as to whether a line tree or a blazed line is the best available evidence of the position of the original boundary line.

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