General

PRINCIPLE II Once established, corners of the Public Lands are fixed in their monumented positions but the government may survey or resurvey its public lands as it chooses.

Lines As Marked and Surveyed

Monuments

Conclusive Evidence Outweighs the Record

Resurvey

Line Trees and Blazed Lines

PRINCIPLE III: The Court will consider the intent of the parties reconstruction of deed descriptions.

General

Closing Corners

Plats

PRINCIPLE IV: The Plat and the field notes are considered together with, and as part of, the grant (patent) itself.

Original Field Notes and Plat

A. An Original Surveyor's Mistake which is Identified will be Considered by the Courts Toward Placing the Entire Blunder where it Occurred.

Place the Blunder W here the Blunder Occurred

B. CORNERS ARE RESTORED BY THE NEAREST AND BEST AVAILABLE EVIDENCE:

Existent Corner

Obliterated Corner

Lost Corner

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Monuments

Corner Restoration Fundamentals Monuments

The original township, section, and quarter-section corners must stand as the true corners which they were intended to represent, whether in the place shown by the field notes or not. The distance between such corners as returned shall be held and considered as the true length thereof. The monuments set at the time of the original survey are the best evidence as to where the original boundaries were established, and as such the position of the monuments must remain unchangeable.

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